Journal: Npj Artificial Intelligence

Article Title: Exposure to content written by large language models can reduce stigma around opioid use disorder

doi: 10.1038/s44387-025-00049-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Raw percentage change in attitudes toward MOUD (DV1), people with OUD (DV2), and OUD (DV3), averaged across participants, for the Control, Human, and LLM interventions after a single and b longitudinal exposure setups. Percentage change in attitudes was computed as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{({Y}_{post}-{Y}_{pre})}{{Y}_{pre}}\times 100$$\end{document} ( Y p o s t − Y p r e ) Y p r e × 100 ; where Y p o s t and Y p r e represent the aggregated DV score post and pre-intervention.

Article Snippet: Using a between-subjects study design, participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (a) LLM, participants read LLM-generated responses to online queries on OUD (sourced from Reddit); (b) Human, participants read human-written responses (again, sourced from Reddit) to the same set of queries as the LLM intervention group; and (c) Control, participants were not provided any content to read.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Npj Artificial Intelligence

Article Title: Exposure to content written by large language models can reduce stigma around opioid use disorder

doi: 10.1038/s44387-025-00049-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Responses read by participants within the LLM and Human intervention groups were evaluated for a , b emotional appeal, c readability, and d shared sense of belonging. Emotional appeal is reported using five relevant categories available in Empath , a lexicon-based tool; a higher score is indicative of a higher alignment to the category. Readability is reported using the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level index ; a lower score is indicative of simpler, more readable text. Shared sense of belonging is reported using the identity social dimension classifier , which quantifies in-group or community forward linguistic cues; the higher the score, the better. Scores are averaged across all the responses read by participants during the single and longitudinal exposure setups. Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed to explore differences in score distributions for responses provided in the LLM and Human interventions. Statistically significant differences are noted with the test statistic and p values ( p ): * ( p < 0.05), ** ( p < 0.01), or *** ( p < 0.001). e At the end of our experiments, participants in the LLM and Human interventions rated the responses consumed during the respective interventions, using a 5-point Likert scale, as: (1) influential, responses offered a different approach to look at OUD ; (2) credible, responses were reasonable and trustworthy ; (3) informative, responses were knowledgeable ; (4) resourceful, likely to refer to such responses to gain information about OUD ; and (5) supportive, prefer to receive such responses if one had OUD . On finding no significant differences in ratings across single and longitudinal exposure setups, we combined participant ratings for the two setups and report a weighted average (weighted by the sample size). Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to examine differences in score distributions for ratings provided by participants in the LLM and Human intervention groups. Statistically significant differences are noted with the p values ( p ): * ( p < 0.05), ** ( p < 0.01), or *** ( p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Using a between-subjects study design, participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (a) LLM, participants read LLM-generated responses to online queries on OUD (sourced from Reddit); (b) Human, participants read human-written responses (again, sourced from Reddit) to the same set of queries as the LLM intervention group; and (c) Control, participants were not provided any content to read.

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY